Posts Tagged ‘SGGS p 30’

SGGS pp 28-30, Sirirag M: 3, 5-9

SGGS pp 28-30, Sirirag M: 3, 5-9

 

ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ ਮਹਲਾ ੩ ॥

 

ਜਿਨੀ ਇਕ ਮਨਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਧਿਆਇਆ ਗੁਰਮਤੀ ਵੀਚਾਰਿ ॥ ਤਿਨ ਕੇ ਮੁਖ ਸਦ ਉਜਲੇ ਤਿਤੁ ਸਚੈ ਦਰਬਾਰਿ ॥ ਓਇ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤੁ ਪੀਵਹਿ ਸਦਾ ਸਦਾ ਸਚੈ ਨਾਮਿ ਪਿਆਰਿ ॥੧॥

Sirīrāg mėhlā 3  Jinī ik man nām ḏẖi▫ā▫i▫ā gurmaṯī vīcẖār   Ŧin ke mukẖ saḏ ujle ṯiṯ sacẖai ḏarbār   O▫e amriṯ pīvėh saḏā saḏā sacẖai nām pi▫ār ||1||

 

Composition of the third Guru in Raga Siriraag Those (jinni) who (ik = one, man-i = in mind) single-mindedly (dhiaaiaa) pay attention to (naam-u) Divine commands (veechaar-i) reflecting on (gurmati) the guru’s guidance – they do not transgress.

Their (mukh) faces are (sad) ever clean, i.e. their records of actions are found without blemish (tit-u) there (darbaar-i) in court of (sachai) the Eternal.

(Oey) they (sadaa sadaa) forever (peevah-i) drink (amrit-u) the life-giving elixir, i.e. ever conduct themselves by Naam/Divine commands (piaar-i) with love for (sachai) the Eternal (naam-i) Almighty. 1.

 

ਭਾਈ ਰੇ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਦਾ ਪਤਿ ਹੋਇ ॥ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਸਦਾ ਧਿਆਈਐ ਮਲੁ ਹਉਮੈ ਕਢੈ ਧੋਇ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥

Bẖā▫ī re gurmukẖ saḏā paṯ ho▫e   Har har saḏā ḏẖi▫ā▫ī▫ai mal ha▫umai kadẖai ḏẖo▫e ||1|| rahā▫o

 

(rey) o (bhaai) brother/dear, one (sadaa) ever (hoey) receives (pat-i) honour (gurmukh-i) by following the guru; we (sadaa sadaa) forever (dhiaaeeai) pay attention to commands of (har-i) the Almighty which (dhoey) washes and (kaddhai) throws out (mal-u = dirt) the vice of (haumai = ego) acting by self-will. 1.

(Rahaau) dwell on this and reflect.

 

ਮਨਮੁਖ ਨਾਮੁ ਨ ਜਾਣਨੀ ਵਿਣੁ ਨਾਵੈ ਪਤਿ ਜਾਇ ॥ ਸਬਦੈ ਸਾਦੁ ਨ ਆਇਓ ਲਾਗੇ ਦੂਜੈ ਭਾਇ ॥ ਵਿਸਟਾ ਕੇ ਕੀੜੇ ਪਵਹਿ ਵਿਚਿ ਵਿਸਟਾ ਸੇ ਵਿਸਟਾ ਮਾਹਿ

ਸਮਾਇ ॥੨॥

Manmukẖ nām na jāṇnī viṇ nāvai paṯ jā▫e   Sabḏai sāḏ na ā▫i▫o lāge ḏūjai bẖā▫e   vistā ke kīṛe pavėh vicẖ vistā se vistā māhi samā▫e ||2||

 

(Manmukh) a self-willed person does not follow the guru and hence, does not (jaanani = know) have awareness of Naam/Divine commands; and (vin-u = without) by not obeying (naavai) Naam, one (jaaey) loses (pat-i) honour – in Divine court.

S/he does not find (sabdai = of the word) teachings of the guru (aaiao = get, saad-u = taste) agreeable but (laagey = attached to) (doojai) other (bhaaey) ideas.

Like (keerrey) worms in (vistta) excrement (pavai) go/like to be (vich-i) in (vistta) excrement, (sey = they) self-willed persons (samaaey) remain (maah-i) in (vistta) the dirt of vices – and hence in cycles of births and deaths. 2.

 

On the other hand –

 

ਤਿਨ ਕਾ ਜਨਮੁ ਸਫਲੁ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਚਲਹਿ ਸਤਗੁਰ ਭਾਇ ॥ ਕੁਲੁ ਉਧਾਰਹਿ ਆਪਣਾ ਧੰਨੁ ਜਣੇਦੀ ਮਾਇ ॥ ਹਰਿ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਧਿਆਈਐ ਜਿਸ ਨਉ ਕਿਰਪਾ ਕਰੇ ਰਜਾਇ ॥੩

Ŧin kā janam safal hai jo cẖalėh saṯgur bẖā▫e   Kul uḏẖārėh āpṇā ḏẖan jaṇeḏī mā▫e   Har har nāmḏẖi▫ā▫ī▫ai jis na▫o kirpā kare rajā▫e ||3||

 

Those (Jo) who (chalah-i) walk/act (bhaaey) by will/directions of (satgur) the true guru, (tin ka) their (janam-u) human birth – the opportunity to unite with God – is (saphal-u) fruitful.

They (udhaarey = lift) bring honour to (aapna = own) their (kul-u) lineage and (dha’nn-u) glorify (maaey) the mother who (janeydi) gave them birth.

Only that person (dhiaaeeai) pays attention to (har-i = dispels vices) the purifying and (har-i = makes green) rejuvenating (naam-u) Divine commands (nau) on (jis) whom the Almighty (karey) bestows (kirpa) grace to live by (rajaaey) Divine will/commands. 3.

 

ਜਿਨੀ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਧਿਆਇਆ ਵਿਚਹੁ ਆਪੁ ਗਵਾਇ ॥ ਓਇ ਅੰਦਰਹੁ ਬਾਹਰਹੁ ਨਿਰਮਲੇ ਸਚੇ ਸਚਿ ਸਮਾਇ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਆਏ ਸੇ ਪਰਵਾਣੁ ਹਹਿ ਜਿਨ ਗੁਰਮਤੀ ਹਰਿ ਧਿਆਇ ॥੪॥੫॥੩੮॥

Jinī gurmukẖ nām ḏẖi▫ā▫i▫ā vicẖahu āp gavā▫e   O▫e anḏrahu bāhrahu nirmale sacẖe sacẖ samā▫e   Nānak ā▫e se parvāṇ hėh jin gurmaṯī har ḏẖi▫ā▫e ||4||5||38||

 

Those (jinni) who (gurmukh-i) with the guru’s guidance (gavaaey) give up (aap-u = self) ego/acting by self-will and (dhiaaiaa) pay attention to Naam.

(Oey) they are (nirmaley) free of dirt/fault (andrhu) from with and (baahrh-u) outside, i.e. in thoughts and deeds; they (sachey) live truthfully and (samaaey) remain absorbed (sach-i) in the eternal.

Those (jin) who (dhiaaey) pay attention to/obey Divine commands (gurmati) with the guru’s guidance, (sey) they (hah-i) are (parvaan-u) approved – for union with the Almighty, says third Nanak. 4. 5. 38.

 

 

 

ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ ਮਹਲਾ ੩ ॥ ਹਰਿ ਭਗਤਾ ਹਰਿ ਧਨੁ ਰਾਸਿ ਹੈ ਗੁਰ ਪੂਛਿ ਕਰਹਿ ਵਾਪਾਰੁ ॥ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਸਲਾਹਨਿ ਸਦਾ ਸਦਾ ਵਖਰੁ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਅਧਾਰੁ ॥ ਗੁਰਿਪੂਰੈ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਦ੍ਰਿੜਾਇਆ ਹਰਿ ਭਗਤਾ ਅਤੁਟੁ ਭੰਡਾਰੁ ॥੧॥

Sirīrāg mėhlā 3 Har bẖagṯā har ḏẖan rās hai gur pūcẖẖ karahi vāpār   Har nām salāhan saḏā saḏā vakẖar har nām aḏẖār   Gur pūrai har nām driṛ▫ā▫i▫ā har bẖagṯā aṯut bẖandār ||1||

 

Composition of the third Guru in Raga Siriraag Human beings are traders sent out by the owner of business, the Almighty. For (bhagta) devotees of (har-i) the Almighty, (dhan-u) the wealth of awareness of Naam/Divine virtues and commands is (raas-i) the finance for business/the guide for conduct; they (karah-i) do (vaapaar-u) deals, i.e. conduct themselves (poochh-i = asking) with guidance of the guru.

They (sadaa sadaa) forever (salaahan-i = praise) propagate/recommend to get awareness of Naam/commands of (har-i) the Almighty, Naam of (har-i) the Almighty is their (vakhar-u) merchandise for business, i.e. they themselves also act by Naam, taking it as (adhaar-u = support) guide for life.

(Poorai) the perfect guru (drirraaiaa) creates firm commitment to Naam of the Almighty; and (bhagta) devotees of (har-i) the Almighty has (atutt-u) inexhaustible (bhanddar-u) store of it. 1.

 

 

God’s devotees consider God as their capital and engage in trading (lead their lives) as taught by the guru. They trade in the merchandise of Divine virtues; these are their sustenance. The true guru creates firm belief in God, which is the devotees’ inexhaustible source of virtues. 1.

 

ਭਾਈ ਰੇ ਇਸੁ ਮਨ ਕਉ ਸਮਝਾਇ ॥ ਏ ਮਨ ਆਲਸੁ ਕਿਆ ਕਰਹਿ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਧਿਆਇ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥

Bẖā▫ī re is man ka▫o samjẖā▫e   Ė man ālas ki▫ā karahi gurmukẖ nām ḏẖi▫ā▫e ||1|| rahā▫o

 

(Rey) O (bhaai) brethren (samjhaaey) counsel (is-u) this human (man) mind.

(Aey) o (man) human mind (kiaa) why are you (karah-i = do, aalas-u = laziness) being indifferent; (dhiaaey) pay attention to/obey Naam, i.e. live by Divine commands (gurmukh-i) with the guru’s guidance. 1.

(Rahaau) dwell on this and reflect.

 

ਹਰਿ ਭਗਤਿ ਹਰਿ ਕਾ ਪਿਆਰੁ ਹੈ ਜੇ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਕਰੇ ਬੀਚਾਰੁ ॥ ਪਾਖੰਡਿ ਭਗਤਿ ਨ ਹੋਵਈ ਦੁਬਿਧਾ ਬੋਲੁ ਖੁਆਰੁ ॥ ਸੋ ਜਨੁ ਰਲਾਇਆ ਨਾ ਰਲੈ

ਜਿਸੁ ਅੰਤਰਿ ਬਿਬੇਕ ਬੀਚਾਰੁ ॥੨॥

Har bẖagaṯ har kā pi▫ār hai je gurmukẖ kare bīcẖār   Pakẖand bẖagaṯ na hova▫ī ḏubiḏẖā bol kẖu▫ār   So jan ralā▫i▫ā nā ralai jis anṯar bibek bīcẖār ||2||

 

(Bhagat-i) devotion to (har-i) the Almighty is (piaar-u = love) to lovingly obey the Almighty; one who (karaey = does, beechaar-u = reflection) reflects (gurmukh-i) on the guru’s guidance understands this.

(Bhagat-i) devotion is not (hovaee) practiced (paakhandd-i) by hypocrisy; (bol-u = word) saying something and doing something different; such (dubidha) duality results in (khuaar-u) humiliation.

Even if (so) that (jan-u) person tries (ralaaiaa) to mix, s/he (cannot) (ralai) be mixed/counted with those (jis-u) who have (bibeyk) discerning (beechaar-u) thinking (antar-i) in the mind. 2. 

 

ਸੋ ਸੇਵਕੁ ਹਰਿ ਆਖੀਐ ਜੋ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਖੈ ਉਰਿ ਧਾਰਿ ॥ ਮਨੁ ਤਨੁ ਸਉਪੇ ਆਗੈ ਧਰੇ ਹਉਮੈ ਵਿਚਹੁ ਮਾਰਿ ॥ ਧਨੁ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸੋ ਪਰਵਾਣੁ ਹੈ ਜਿ ਕਦੇ ਨ ਆਵੈਹਾਰਿ ॥੩॥

So sevak har ākẖī▫ai jo har rākẖai ur ḏẖār   Man ṯan sa▫upe āgai ḏẖare ha▫umai vicẖahu mār   Ḏẖan gurmukẖ so parvāṇ hai jė kaḏe na āvai hār||3||

 

(So) that person (aakheeai) can be called (seyvak-u = servant) devotee of (har-i) God who (raakhai) keeps (har-i) God (dhaar-i) enshrined (ur-i) in mind, i.e. is conscious of Divine commands in thought, word and deed.

S/he (maar-i) kills/dispels (haumai) ego (vichah-u) from within, (saupai) makes offering of, and (dharai) places/dedicates (nam-u = mind) thoughts and (tan-u = body) deeds (aagai) before the Almighty.

(Gurmukh-i) guided by the guru, (so) such (dhan-u) blessed person (parvaan-u) is approved by the Almighty; s/he is one (j-i) who (kadey na) never (aavai = comes) faces (haar-i) defeat from vices. 3.

 

ਕਰਮਿ ਮਿਲੈ ਤਾ ਪਾਈਐ ਵਿਣੁ ਕਰਮੈ ਪਾਇਆ ਨ ਜਾਇ ॥ ਲਖ ਚਉਰਾਸੀਹ ਤਰਸਦੇ ਜਿਸੁ ਮੇਲੇ ਸੋ ਮਿਲੈ ਹਰਿ ਆਇ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਹਰਿ ਪਾਇਆ ਸਦਾ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮਿ ਸਮਾਇ ॥੪॥੬॥੩੯॥

Karam milai ṯā pā▫ī▫ai viṇ karmai pā▫i▫ā na jā▫e   Lakẖ cẖa▫orāsīh ṯarasḏe jis mele so milai har ā▫e   Nānak gurmukẖ har pā▫i▫ā saḏā har nām samā▫e ||4||6||39||

 

Only when (karam-i) Divine grace (milai) is received – which comes by obedience – (ta) then the Almighty (paaeeai) if found; the almighty (na jaaey) cannot be (paaiaa) found (vin-u) without (karmai) actions/obedience to Divine commands.

Otherwise (chauraaseeh) eighty four lakh species/all creatures (tarsadey) deeply yearn; but only one (jis-u) whom (har-i) the Almighty (meyley) leads, (so) that person (aaey) comes/looks within and (milai) finds.

Says third Nanak (Gurmukh-i) one who follows the guru (sadaa) ever (samaaey) remains absorbed in obedience (naam-i) to Naam and (paaiaa) finds (har-i) the Almighty. 4. 6. 39.

 

Page 29

 

 

ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ ਮਹਲਾ ੩ ॥ ਸੁਖ ਸਾਗਰੁ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਹੈ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਇਆ ਜਾਇ ॥ ਅਨਦਿਨੁ ਨਾਮੁ ਧਿਆਈਐ ਸਹਜੇ ਨਾਮਿ ਸਮਾਇ ॥ ਅੰਦਰੁ ਰਚੈ ਹਰਿ ਸਚ ਸਿਉ ਰਸਨਾ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਣ ਗਾਇ ॥੧॥

Sirīrāg mėhlā 3 Sukẖ sāgar har nām hai gurmukẖ pā▫i▫ā jā▫e   An▫ḏin nām ḏẖi▫ā▫ī▫ai sėhje nām samā▫e Anḏar racẖai har sacẖ si▫o rasnā har guṇ gā▫e ||1||

 

Composition of the third Guru in Raga Siriraag Obedience to (naam-u) commands of (har-i) the Almighty is (saagar-u) ocean/source of (sukh) comforts/peace and its awareness is (paaiaa) obtained (gurmukh-i) with the guru’s guidance. One who (andin-u = everyday) ever (dhiaaeeai) pays attention to/obeys Naam/Divine commands remains (sahjey) intuitively (samaaey) absorbed (naam-i) in Naam. Obedience to the Almighty

One (rachai) remains immersed (siau) with (sach = truth) Naam of (har-i) the almighty (andar-u) within and (gaaey) praises (gun) virtues of (har-i) the Almighty with (rasna) the tongue. 1.

 

Note*: Those who look elsewhere remain unhappy:

 

ਭਾਈ ਰੇ ਜਗੁ ਦੁਖੀਆ ਦੂਜੈ ਭਾਇ ॥ ਗੁਰ ਸਰਣਾਈ ਸੁਖੁ ਲਹਹਿ ਅਨਦਿਨੁ ਨਾਮੁ ਧਿਆਇ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥

Bẖā▫ī re jag ḏukẖī▫ā ḏūjai bẖā▫e   Gur sarṇā▫ī sukẖ lahėh an▫ḏin nām ḏẖi▫ā▫e ||1|| rahā▫o

 

(Rey) o (bhaai) brethren, (jag-u = world) the creature who has (doojai = second) other (bhaaey) ideas in mind while displaying devotion to God, ends up (dukheeaa) distressed/with lack of peace of mind.

One who places the self in (sarnaaee = sanctuary) care and obedience of the guru, (andin-u = everyday) ever (dhiaaey) pays attention to (Naam) and (jahah-i) finds (sukh-u) peace. 1.

(Rahaau) dwell on this and reflect.

 

ਸਾਚੇ ਮੈਲੁ ਨ ਲਾਗਈ ਮਨੁ ਨਿਰਮਲੁ ਹਰਿ ਧਿਆਇ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਬਦੁ ਪਛਾਣੀਐ ਹਰਿ ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤ ਨਾਮਿ ਸਮਾਇ ॥ ਗੁਰ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਪ੍ਰਚੰਡੁ ਬਲਾਇਆ ਅਗਿਆਨੁ ਅੰਧੇਰਾ ਜਾਇ ॥੨॥

Sācẖe mail na lāg▫ī man nirmal har ḏẖi▫ā▫e   Gurmukẖ sabaḏ pacẖẖāṇī▫ai har amriṯ nām samā▫e   Gur gi▫ān parcẖand balā▫i▫ā agi▫ān anḏẖerā jā▫e ||2||

 

(Mail-u) dirt of vices does not (laagaee) touch (sachey) the truthful person, i.e. who truly live by Naam; s/he (dhiaaey) pays attention to commands of (har-i) the almighty and his/her (man-u) mind remains (nirmal-u) spotless.

(Sabad-u = word) Naam/Divine commands present within (pachhaaneeai) are recognised within (gurmukh-i) with the guru’s guidance and then one (samaaey) remains absorbed in complying with (a’mmrit) the life-giving (naam-i) Naam/commands of (har-i) the Almighty.

When (prachandd-u) bright light of (giaan-u) awareness of (gur) the guru’s teachings (balaaiaa) light up the mind, (andheyra) darkness of (agiaan-u) ignorance of Naam (jaaey) leaves. 2.

 

 

Note: The next two verses present a contrast between the Gurmukhs – those who follow the guru – and the Manmukhs – those who act by self-will.

 

ਮਨਮੁਖ ਮੈਲੇ ਮਲੁ ਭਰੇ ਹਉਮੈ ਤ੍ਰਿਸਨਾ ਵਿਕਾਰੁ ॥ ਬਿਨੁ ਸਬਦੈ ਮੈਲੁ ਨ ਉਤਰੈ ਮਰਿ ਜੰਮਹਿ ਹੋਇ ਖੁਆਰੁ ॥ ਧਾਤੁਰ ਬਾਜੀ ਪਲਚਿ ਰਹੇ ਨਾ ਉਰਵਾਰੁ ਨ ਪਾਰੁ॥੩॥

Manmukẖ maile mal bẖare ha▫umai ṯarisnā vikār Bin sabḏai mail na uṯrai mar jamėh ho▫e kẖu▫ār Ḏẖāṯur bājī palacẖ rahe nā urvār na pār ||3||

 

(Manmukh) the self-willed persons are (mailey) unclean (bharey) smeared with (mal-u) dirt of (vikaarr-u) vice of (haumai) ego/acting by self-will and (trisna) desires.

This (mail-u) dirt is not (utrai) removed (bin-u) without obeying (sabdai = word) Divine commands and s/he (hoey) is (khuaar-u) humiliated – denied union by the Creator – and (mar-i) dies to (ja’mmah-i) be born again and again.

S/he (rahey) remains (palach-i) caught in (dhaatur = running) transitory (baaji = game) pursuits, they are neither (urvaar-u) this end or (paar-u) far end, i.e. are peace neither here nor there/in the hereafter. 3.

 

ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਜਪ ਤਪ ਸੰਜਮੀ ਹਰਿ ਕੈ ਨਾਮਿ ਪਿਆਰੁ ॥ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਸਦਾ ਧਿਆਈਐ ਏਕੁ ਨਾਮੁ ਕਰਤਾਰੁ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਨਾਮੁ ਧਿਆਈਐ ਸਭਨਾ ਜੀਆ ਕਾ

ਆਧਾਰੁ ॥੪॥੭॥੪੦॥

Gurmukẖ jap ṯap sanjmī har kai nām pi▫ār   Gurmukẖ saḏā ḏẖi▫ā▫ī▫ai ek nām karṯār   Nānak nāmḏẖi▫ā▫ī▫ai sabẖnā jī▫ā kā āḏẖār ||4||7||40||

 

(Gurmukh-i) those who follow the guru engage in (jap) remembrance/obedience of Naam, (tap) austerities, i.e. despite hardships and (sanjami) self-controlled.

They (sadaa) ever (dhiaaeeai) pay attention to (naam) commands of (eyk-u) the ne (kartar-u) Creator (gurmukh-i) with the guru’s guidance.

We should (dhiaaeeai) pay attention to Naam; it is (aadhaar-u) support/guide for (sabhnaa) all (jeeaa) creatures, says third Nanak. 4. 7. 40.

 

ਸ੍ਰੀਰਾਗੁ ਮਹਲਾ ੩ ॥ ਮਨਮੁਖੁ ਮੋਹਿ ਵਿਆਪਿਆ ਬੈਰਾਗੁ ਉਦਾਸੀ ਨ ਹੋਇ ॥ ਸਬਦੁ ਨ ਚੀਨੈ ਸਦਾ ਦੁਖੁ ਹਰਿ ਦਰਗਹਿ ਪਤਿ ਖੋਇ ॥ ਹਉਮੈ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਖੋਈਐ ਨਾਮਿ ਰਤੇ ਸੁਖੁ ਹੋਇ ॥੧॥

Sarīrāg mėhlā 3 Manmukẖ mohi vi▫āpi▫ā bairāg uḏāsī na ho▫e   Sabaḏ na cẖīnai saḏā ḏukẖ harḏargahi paṯ kẖo▫e   Ha▫umai gurmukẖ kẖo▫ī▫ai nām raṯe sukẖ ho▫e ||1||

 

Composition of the third Guru in Raga Siriraag (Manmukh-u) a self-willed person is (viaapiaa) afflicted (moh-i) by attachment to (maaiaa) transitory pleasures/gains; s/he does not (hoey) have (bairaag-u) longing for the Almighty (udaasi) to be unattached to the world-play.

S/he does not (cheenai) understand/obey (sabad-u = word) Naam/Divine commands, is (sadaa) ever in (dukh-u) grief of separation from God and (khoey) loses (pat-i) honour/not approved (dargah-i) by Divine court.

(Haumai) ego/acting by self-will (khoeeaai = lost) is given up (gurmukh-i) with the guru’s guidance; and then (ratey) being imbued (naam-i) with Naam –commits novices and – (haoey) experiences (sukh-u) peace. 1.

 

ਮੇਰੇ ਮਨ ਅਹਿਨਿਸਿ ਪੂਰਿ ਰਹੀ ਨਿਤ ਆਸਾ ॥ ਸਤਗੁਰੁ ਸੇਵਿ ਮੋਹੁ ਪਰਜਲੈ ਘਰ ਹੀ ਮਾਹਿ ਉਦਾਸਾ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥

Mere man ahinis pūr rahī niṯ āsā   Saṯgur sev moh parjalai gẖar hī māhi uḏāsā ||1|| rahā▫o

 

(Aasa) expectations/desires (poor-i rahi) fill (meyrey) my (man) mind – which does not think of God.

This (moh-u) attachment to worldly gains/pleasures (parjalai) is fully burnt/destroyed (seyv-i = serving) by following (satigur-u) the true guru; then one remains (udaasa) unattached while being (maah-i) in (ghar = home) the family (hi) itself – and there is no need to retire to the jungle. 1.

(Rahaau) dwell on this and reflect.

 

ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਕਰਮ ਕਮਾਵੈ ਬਿਗਸੈ ਹਰਿ ਬੈਰਾਗੁ ਅਨੰਦੁ ॥ ਅਹਿਨਿਸਿ ਭਗਤਿ ਕਰੇ ਦਿਨੁ ਰਾਤੀ ਹਉਮੈ ਮਾਰਿ ਨਿਚੰਦੁ ॥ ਵਡੈ ਭਾਗਿ ਸਤਸੰਗਤਿ ਪਾਈ ਹਰਿ ਪਾਇਆ ਸਹਜਿ ਅਨੰਦੁ ॥੨॥

Gurmukẖ karam kamāvai bigsai har bairāg anand   Ahinis bẖagaṯ kare ḏin rāṯī ha▫umai mār nicẖanḏ vadai bẖāg saṯsangaṯ pā▫ī har pā▫i▫ā sahj anand ||2||

 

(Gurmukh-i) by following the guruone (kamaavai) performs (karam = deeds) one’s duties in life and (bigsai) enjoys (anand-u) bliss with the Almighty (bairaag-u = yearning) in mind. (Karah-i anand-u sachaa man-i soey – Japji Pauri 37)

S/he (karey) performs (bhagat-i) devotion, i.e. is in obedience to Divine commands (ahinis-i, din-u raati) day and night, (maar-i) kills (haumai) ego and is (nichand-u) free of anxiety.

With (vaddai) good (bhaag-i) good fortune s/h (paaee) finds/joins (satisangat-i) the holy congregation and (paaiaa) obtains (sahj-i) natural/continuous (anand-u) bliss 2.

 

ਸੋ ਸਾਧੂ ਬੈਰਾਗੀ ਸੋਈ ਹਿਰਦੈ ਨਾਮੁ ਵਸਾਏ ॥ ਅੰਤਰਿ ਲਾਗਿ ਨ ਤਾਮਸੁ ਮੂਲੇ ਵਿਚਹੁ ਆਪੁ ਗਵਾਏ ॥ ਨਾਮੁ ਨਿਧਾਨੁ ਸਤਗੁਰੂ ਦਿਖਾਲਿਆ ਹਰਿ ਰਸੁ ਪੀਆ ਅਘਾਏ ॥੩॥

So sāḏẖū bairāgī so▫ī hirḏai nām vasā▫e   Anṯar lāg na ṯāmas mūle vicẖahu āp gavā▫e   Nām niḏẖān saṯgurū ḏikẖāli▫ā har ras pī▫ā agẖā▫e ||3||

 

(So) that person is (saadhoo) a saint and (soee) the same person also (bairaagi) yearns for the Almighty who (vasaaey) keeps Naam/Divine commands (hirdai) in mind.

S/he is not (mooley) at all (lag-i) stained by (taamas-u = darkness) negative instincts (antar-i) within and (gavaaey = loses) drives out (aap-u = self) ego (vaichau) from within.

(Nidhaan-u) the treasure of Naam present within (dikhaaliaa) is shown by (satguru) the true guru; one (peeaa) drinks (har-i) Divine (ras-u) elixir, i.e. experiences the Almighty within, and (aghaaey) feels satisfaction. 3.

 

Note*: The next verse uses the term ਲਾਗ (laag) meaning a ‘bleaching agent’. Like a raw fabric can only be died after being bleached the mind has to be is conditioned by the guru to be imbued with Naam.

 

ਜਿਨਿ ਕਿਨੈ ਪਾਇਆ ਸਾਧਸੰਗਤੀ ਪੂਰੈ ਭਾਗਿ ਬੈਰਾਗਿ ॥ ਮਨਮੁਖ ਫਿਰਹਿ ਨ ਜਾਣਹਿ ਸਤਗੁਰੁ ਹਉਮੈ ਅੰਦਰਿ ਲਾਗਿ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਬਦਿ ਰਤੇ ਹਰਿ ਨਾਮਿ ਰੰਗਾਏ ਬਿਨੁ ਭੈ ਕੇਹੀ ਲਾਗਿ ॥੪॥੮॥੪੧॥

Jin kinai pā▫i▫ā sāḏẖsangṯī pūrai bẖāg bairāg   Manmukẖ firėh na jāṇėh saṯgur ha▫umai anḏar lāg   Nānak sabaḏ raṯe har nām rangā▫e bin bẖai kehī lāg ||4||8||41||

 

(Jin-i kinai) whoever (paaiaa) has found the Almighty has done (saadhsangti = company of guru) so with the guru’s guidance, having been led to the guru with (poorai) good fortune and (baaraig-i) yearning for the Almighty.

(Manmukh) self-willed persons (phirah-i) wander directionless, do not (jaanah-i = know) acknowledge/obey (satgur-u) the true guru (laag-i) under influence of (haumai) ego (andar-i = within) on the mind.

Those (ratey) imbued (sabad-i = with word) with teachings of the guru are (rangaaey = dyed) imbued (naam-i) with Naam of (har-i) the Almighty; there is (keyhi = what type) no (laag-i) conditioning of the mind (bin-u) without (bhai = fear) respect/obedience to the guru, says third Nanak. 4. 8. 41.

 

 

 

 

Note: The way the body needs wherewithal for sustenance and comfort, the soul needs awareness of Naam/Divine virtues and commands to remain at peace while in the body and to ultimately attain union with the Almighty. While the body’s needs are available in the market Naam is present within having been brought by the soul who forgets it. The guru’s guidance makes one aware of it. This is the message of the third Guru in the Shabad below

 

ਸਿਰੀਰਾਗੁ ਮਹਲਾ ੩ ॥ ਘਰ ਹੀ ਸਉਦਾ ਪਾਈਐ ਅੰਤਰਿ ਸਭ ਵਥੁ ਹੋਇ ॥ ਖਿਨੁ ਖਿਨੁ ਨਾਮੁ ਸਮਾਲੀਐ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਵੈ ਕੋਇ ॥ ਨਾਮੁ ਨਿਧਾਨੁ ਅਖੁਟੁ ਹੈ ਵਡਭਾਗਿ ਪਰਾਪਤਿ ਹੋਇ ॥੧॥

Sirīrāg mėhlā 3 Gẖar hī sa▫uḏā pā▫ī▫ai anṯar sabẖ vath ho▫e Kẖin kẖin nām samālī▫ai gurmukẖ pāvai ko▫e   Nām niḏẖān akẖut hai vadbẖāg parāpaṯ ho▫e ||1||

 

Composition of the third Guru in Raga Siriraag (Sauda) merchandise/Naam needed by the soul is (paaeeai) found in (ghar-i) the house/mind (hi) itself; (sabh) all (vath-u) substance, i.e. all that is needed (hoey) is (antar-i) within.

We need to (samaaleeai) take care of Naam, i.e. be conscious of Naam, (khin-u khin-u) every moment, but (koey) some rare person (gurmukh-i) follows the guru and obtains awareness of Naam.

(Nidhaan-u = treasure) availability of Naam is (akhutt-u) in exhaustible, but it (hoey) is (praapat-i) received (vaddbhaag-i) with good fortune. 1.

 

 

Page 30

 

 

ਮੇਰੇ ਮਨ ਤਜਿ ਨਿੰਦਾ ਹਉਮੈ ਅਹੰਕਾਰੁ ॥ ਹਰਿ ਜੀਉ ਸਦਾ ਧਿਆਇ ਤੂ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਏਕੰਕਾਰੁ ॥੧॥ ਰਹਾਉ ॥

Mere man ṯaj ninḏā ha▫umai ahaʼnkār   Har jī▫o saḏā ḏẖi▫ā▫e ṯū gurmukẖ ekankār ||1|| rahā▫o

 

Naam is found within when other ideas are dispelled. (Meyrey)mind (taj-i) give up (ninda) slander, (haumai) ego/acting by self-will and (ahankaar-u) vanity.

(Too) you should (sadaa) ever (dhiaaey) pay attention to/obey Naam of (jeeo) the revered (eykankaar-u) the one all-pervasive (har-i) Almighty (gurmukh-i) with the guru’s guidance. 1.

(Rahaau) dwell on this and reflect.

 

ਗੁਰਮੁਖਾ ਕੇ ਮੁਖ ਉਜਲੇ ਗੁਰ ਸਬਦੀ ਬੀਚਾਰਿ ॥ ਹਲਤਿ ਪਲਤਿ ਸੁਖੁ ਪਾਇਦੇ ਜਪਿ ਜਪਿ ਰਿਦੈ ਮੁਰਾਰਿ ॥ ਘਰ ਹੀ ਵਿਚਿ ਮਹਲੁ ਪਾਇਆ ਗੁਰ ਸਬਦੀ ਵੀਚਾਰਿ ॥੨॥

Gurmukẖā ke mukẖ ujle gur sabḏī bīcẖār Halaṯ palaṯ sukẖ pā▫iḏe jap jap riḏai murār Gẖar hī vicẖmahal pā▫i▫ā gur sabḏī vīcẖār. ||2||

 

(Mukh) faces of (gurmukhaa) those who obey the guru are (ujley) clean, i.e. i.e. conduct is unblemished, (beechaar-i) by reflecting/obeying (sabdi = word) teachings of (gur) the guru.

They (jap-i jap-i) keep in mind/obey (muraar-i) the Almighty, – hence commit novices and hence – (paaidey) get (sukh-u) peace/comfort (halat-i) here in life and (palat-i) in the hereafter

They (veechaar-i) reflect on/obey (sabdi = word) teachings of (gur) the guru – commit novices and – (paaiaa) find (mahal-u) abode of the Almighty (vich-i) in (ghar = house) the mind (hi) it-self. 2.

 

On the other hand –

 

ਸਤਗੁਰ ਤੇ ਜੋ ਮੁਹ ਫੇਰਹਿ ਮਥੇ ਤਿਨ ਕਾਲੇ ॥ ਅਨਦਿਨੁ ਦੁਖ ਕਮਾਵਦੇ ਨਿਤ ਜੋਹੇ ਜਮ ਜਾਲੇ ॥ ਸੁਪਨੈ ਸੁਖੁ ਨ ਦੇਖਨੀ ਬਹੁ ਚਿੰਤਾ ਪਰਜਾਲੇ ॥੩॥

Saṯgur ṯe jo muh ferėh mathe ṯin kāle   An▫ḏin ḏukẖ kamāvḏe niṯ johe jam jāle   Supnai sukẖ na ḏekẖnī baho cẖinṯā parjāle ||3||

 

Those (Jo) who (pheyrah-i) turn their (muh) faces (tey) from (satgur) the true guru, (tin) their (mathey) foreheads are (kaaley) black, i.e. their conduct is stained by vices.

They (andin-u = everyday) ever (kamaavdey) suffer (dukh) distress in life and are (johey) eyed by (jam) Divine justice to (jaaley) trap in the net, i.e. are detained and denied access to God.

They do not (deykhni) see (sukh-u) comfort (supnai) evening dream and (parjaaley = well burnt) suffer (bahu) lot of (chinta) anxiety. 3.

 

 

Note: However there is one Creator of both types of people described above. It is hard to say why people act so differently.

 

ਸਭਨਾ ਕਾ ਦਾਤਾ ਏਕੁ ਹੈ ਆਪੇ ਬਖਸ ਕਰੇਇ ॥ ਕਹਣਾ ਕਿਛੂ ਨ ਜਾਵਈ ਜਿਸੁ ਭਾਵੈ ਤਿਸੁ ਦੇਇ ॥ ਨਾਨਕ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਪਾਈਐ ਆਪੇ ਜਾਣੈ ਸੋਇ ॥੪

॥੯॥੪੨॥

Sabẖnā kā ḏāṯā ek hai āpe bakẖas kare▫i   Kahṇā kicẖẖū na jāv▫ī jis bẖāvai ṯis ḏe▫e   Nānak gurmukẖpā▫ī▫ai āpe jāṇai so▫e. ||4||9||42||

 

There is (eyk-u) One (daataa = giver) Creator/Sustain or (ka) of (sabhna) all; Almighty (aapey) IT-self (karey) bestows (bakhas) grace, i.e. imparts Naam equally but some obey and others do not.

(Kichhoo na) nothing (jaavaaee) can be (kahna) told to the Master, and as IT (bhaavai) pleased with (jis-u = whom) someone, the almighty (dey-i) bestows grace accordingly to (tis-u) that person.

The Almighty is (paaeeai) found (gurmukh-i) by one who follows the guru and (aapey = self) the Almighty (jaanai) knows (soey) that, says the third Nanak. 4. 9. 42.

 

 

 

Japji Pauris 28 to 31


After having somewhat described the indescribable Creator’s virtues, the creation and the relationship between them Japji now brings us near the ultimate in spirituality – to be one with the Creator even though the latter is formless. Union with the Creator is the opportunity provided to the human birth and should be availed of.

However before actually taking us on that ascent Guru Nanak mentions a group of people whose group name suggests they have achieved that union. They are the Yogis. The term is derived from Yoga which means union.. They are the devotees of Shiva who keeps his body covered with ash as a sign of humility and purity.

All those in pursuit of spirituality realize that succumbing to temptations is a major impediment in that path. Temptations are experienced by the senses and the resultant desires are also sought to be satisfied by them.

The Yogis use symbolism to show how they overcome desires and advance spiritually. Such practices have been referred to in Gurbani and commented upon.

Guru Nanak taught a practical approach to life. He refers to the Yogis’ practices, takes them as metaphors, advises to transcend rituals and symbolism and adopt a realistic approach. This is covered in Pauris (stanzas) 28 to 31 of Japji.

As has been done earlier in Japji there is a common ending for these Pauris which emphasizes the eternal nature of God. The Yogis believe in the multiplicity of Hindu gods and Rishis or sages. As a salutation for them the Yogis use the word Aades which may be taken as obeisance. Guru Nanak says we should worship and pay obeisance to only one God. The lines common to the four Pauris are:

ਆਦੇਸੁ ਤਿਸੈ ਆਦੇਸੁ

ਆਦਿ ਅਨੀਲੁ ਅਨਾਦਿ ਅਨਾਹਤਿ ਜੁਗੁ ਜੁਗੁ ਏਕੋ ਵੇਸੁ ੨੮

My salutation and obeisance is to One,

Who is (aad-i) the beginning of all but IT-self (anaad-i) without a beginning (aneel)

unstained i.e. free from worldly attachments, (anaahat-i) indestructible and (eko = one, v-es = garb/state) unchanging through the ages.

In the verse above the word ‘Aneel’ is a derived from ‘Neel’ meaning blue. Aneel would then mean ‘which is not blue’. However in general terms it may be taken as one not colored by any worldly attachments like us mortals.

All the Pauris therefore keep the unity of God in focus when discussing the practices of the Yogis.

The Yogis are taught that to be one with the Divine one has to kill desires and give up attachment to material things. They use physical symbols to exhibit what they mean. For example they pierce their ears and wear rings on them to show they have pierced desires. They do not work to earn saying they have broken with the material world and beg going from place to place. They wear garments made from rags and rub ashes on their bodies to show they have given up ego. A Yogi carries a staff as a sign of yogic powers or Siddhis. These practices are addressed in the first two lines of Pauri 28. There are more practices covered in this and the succeeding three Pauris as we shall see.

Pauri 28 says:

ਮੁੰਦਾ ਸੰਤੋਖੁ ਸਰਮੁ ਪਤੁ ਝੋਲੀ ਧਿਆਨ ਕੀ ਕਰਹਿ ਬਿਭੂਤਿ

ਖਿੰਥਾ ਕਾਲੁ ਕੁਆਰੀ ਕਾਇਆ ਜੁਗਤਿ ਡੰਡਾ ਪਰਤੀਤਿ

Instead of (munda = ear-rings) piercing your ears, cultivate contentment;

(Saram = toil) work hard to earn rather than carry (pat-u) a begging bowl or (jholi) bag for begging;

One should (Dhian) contemplate on Divine virtues rather than smear your body with (bibhoot) ash;

Be conscious of (kaal-u) death rather than wear (khintha) a garment made of rags;

(Kuaari = unmarried/un-attached, kaaiaa = body) Replace the rituals by not letting the body do any thing evil;

Be (parteet) conscious of Divine powers instead of carrying (ddandda) a staff to show your powers.

There are twelve tribes of Yogis one of them being Aaee Panth which has no conflict with any other. This helps in keeping the Yogi’s mind away from ego which is difficult when in conflict. Pauri 28 says that the principle of togetherness should be adopted in respect of all people not only the Yogis. That requires controlling the mind and that one who can control the mind can conquer the world.

ਆਈ ਪੰਥੀ ਸਗਲ ਜਮਾਤੀ ਮਨਿ ਜੀਤੈ ਜਗੁ ਜੀਤੁ

O Yogi following the Aaee Panth example be one with (sagal jamaati = all classes) all people;

Thus (jeetai = conquering) controlling the mind from ego one can conquer (jag-u) the world.

ਆਦੇਸੁ ਤਿਸੈ ਆਦੇਸੁ ॥

ਆਦਿ ਅਨੀਲੁ ਅਨਾਦਿ ਅਨਾਹਤਿ ਜੁਗੁ ਜੁਗੁ ਏਕੋ ਵੇਸੁ ॥੨੮॥

My salutation and obeisance is to One,

Who is (aad-i) the beginning of all but IT-self (anaad-i) without a beginning (aneel)

unstained i.e. free from worldly attachments, (anaahat-i) indestructible and (eko = one, v-es = garb/state) unchanging through the ages. 28.

 

The yogis call their food ਭੁਗਤਿ Bhugati and the one who distributes food is called ਭੰਡਾਰਣਿ Bhandaaran. They also play a musical instrument and call the sound as Naad which means sound as a metaphor for celestial sounds. Their head is Gorakh Nath, Nath meaning Master. They exhibit occult powers by way of miracles. Meeting or getting together is called Sanjog – union and parting as Vijog or Viyog – separation. Guru Nanak expresses his views on these thus in Pauri 29:

ਭੁਗਤਿ ਗਿਆਨੁ ਦਇਆ ਭੰਡਾਰਣਿ ਘਟਿ ਘਟਿ ਵਾਜਹਿ ਨਾਦ

ਆਪਿ ਨਾਥੁ ਨਾਥੀ ਸਭ ਜਾ ਕੀ ਰਿਧਿ ਸਿਧਿ ਅਵਰਾ ਸਾਦ

ਸੰਜੋਗੁ ਵਿਜੋਗੁ ਦੁਇ ਕਾਰ ਚਲਾਵਹਿ ਲੇਖੇ ਆਵਹਿ ਭਾਗ

Let (giaan) awareness of Divine virtues be your (bhugat-i = food) sustenance for the soul, i.e. guide in life, and let it be given with (daiaa) compassion;

Identify (naad) the celestial sound as life (ghatt-i ghatt-i) in every being;

The Creator alone is the Master – not Gorakh Nath – who has every one (naathi ) leash on the nose; (every happening is under IT’s control);

Exhibition of (ridh-i saidh-i) occult powers (avra saad = other taste) leads one away from the Creator;

(Sanjog) Union with the Divine or (vijog) separation is decided by IT and is based on (bhaag) earned grace;

ਆਦੇਸੁ ਤਿਸੈ ਆਦੇਸੁ ਆਦਿ ਅਨੀਲੁ ਅਨਾਦਿ ਅਨਾਹਤਿ ਜੁਗੁ ਜੁਗੁ ਏਕੋ ਵੇਸੁ ੨੯

Explained earlier.

According to Hindu mythology three gods manage all creation with Brahma as the creator, Vishnu as the sustainer and Mahesh/Shiv who delivers justice. Pauri 30 refers to this as illusion and explains:

ਏਕਾ ਮਾਈ ਜੁਗਤਿ ਵਿਆਈ ਤਿਨਿ ਚੇਲੇ ਪਰਵਾਣੁ

ਇਕੁ ਸੰਸਾਰੀ ਇਕੁ ਭੰਡਾਰੀ ਇਕੁ ਲਾਏ ਦੀਬਾਣੁ

ਜਿਵ ਤਿਸੁ ਭਾਵੈ ਤਿਵੈ ਚਲਾਵੈ ਜਿਵ ਹੋਵੈ ਫੁਰਮਾਣੁ

ਓਹੁ ਵੇਖੈ ਓਨਾ ਨਦਰਿ ਨ ਆਵੈ ਬਹੁਤਾ ਏਹੁ ਵਿਡਾਣੁ

The literal translation of these lines would be:

One mother by some method delivered and three disciples are accepted;

One creates, the second is the holder of stocks of materials and the third holds court;

But it is the Almighty  Creator who (chalaavai) makes things happen as IT (bhaavai) pleases and (hovai phurmaan) orders.

IT sees the creation but they (nadar na aavai) cannot see; that is (viddaan) the difference.

It is interesting that the mother is not shown to have delivered offsprings but disciples. That is to say Maaia or illusion drives this concept. However as seen from later lines every thing happens as the Creator pleases. Seen in perspective we could understand the above lines thus:

The concept of the three gods in Hindu mythology is an illusion,

They are three disciples or servants who represent Divine functions of creation, maintenance and justice;

Every thing happens as the Divine likes and commands;

The difference is that whereas the Divine sees what happens they cannot.

ਆਦੇਸੁ ਤਿਸੈ ਆਦੇਸੁ ਆਦਿ ਅਨੀਲੁ ਅਨਾਦਿ ਅਨਾਹਤਿ ਜੁਗੁ ਜੁਗੁ ਏਕੋ ਵੇਸੁ ੩੦

Explained above.

Where is the abode of the Divine and where are the resources stocked and how are they replenished? Pauri 31 answers:

ਆਸਣੁ ਲੋਇ ਲੋਇ ਭੰਡਾਰ
ਜੋ ਕਿਛੁ ਪਾਇਆ ਸੁ ਏਕਾ ਵਾਰ

ਕਰਿ ਕਰਿ ਵੇਖੈ ਸਿਰਜਣਹਾਰੁ

ਨਾਨਕ ਸਚੇ ਕੀ ਸਾਚੀ ਕਾਰ

The Creator is present every where and so are (bhandaar = stocks) the resources;

Every thing has been provided (eka vaar) once for all;

The Creator (kar-i) creates and (v-ekhai0) watches,

This is the eternal Master’s eternal virtue.

The last two lines may be compared with a similar line in Pauri 27:

ਕਰਿ ਕਰਿ ਵੇਖੈ ਕੀਤਾ ਆਪਣਾ ਜਿਵ ਤਿਸ ਦੀ ਵਡਿਆਈ

It created and having created, watches the creation; this is Its virtue;

ਆਦੇਸੁ ਤਿਸੈ ਆਦੇਸੁ ਆਦਿ ਅਨੀਲੁ ਅਨਾਦਿ ਅਨਾਹਤਿ ਜੁਗੁ ਜੁਗੁ ਏਕੋ ਵੇਸੁ ੩੧

Explained above.

These four Pauris tell us that one does not get rid of the temptations in life by wearing symbols. The Creator is pleased by deeds and not symbolism. We read in Sukhmani Sahib

ਰਹਤ ਅਵਰ ਕਛੁ ਅਵਰ ਕਮਾਵਤ ਮਨਿ ਨਹੀ ਪ੍ਰੀਤਿ ਮੁਖਹੁ ਗੰਢ ਲਾਵਤ
ਜਾਨਨਹਾਰ ਪ੍ਰਭੂ ਪਰਬੀਨ ਬਾਹਰਿ ਭੇਖ ਨ ਕਾਹੂ ਭੀਨ

Some people pretend some thing but practice differently;

They do not love God from their hearts but try to impress people by mere talk;

But omniscient Master knows it all;

It is not impressed by pretense (M: 5, p 269).

There should be no gap between profession and practice. The subsequent Pauris of Japji lead us on that path.

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