Posts Tagged ‘Sikh Religion’

Sikh Religion Integrates with Nature

`Sikh Religion Integrates with Nature

Introduction

 

Human birth is an opportunity to be aware of the purpose of life, act accordingly and unite with the Creator.The fundamental role of all religions is to make their followers aware of the Creator’s purpose of creating the universe. It guides them how to overcome allurements in life so as not to forget the divine commands. This the role of the preceptor or Guru.

 

The Sikh religion was founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539) and followed by nine serial successors. Their teachings along with other saints are recroded in Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS), the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. Its contents are called Gurbani, meaning the guru’s word and this term is commonly used.

 

The SGGS starts with description of attributes of the Almighty:

 

1 Oankaar, satinaam, karta purakh, nirbhau, nirvair, akaal moorat, ajooni, sibha’n, gurprasaad-i.

 

The One singular/indivisible Almighty, whose writ is universal/inevitable, the Creator, fearless/the highest (not accountable to anyone), without animus/no equal, embodiment of timeless-ness/deathless-ness, does not incarnate (is the Spirit). Is understood with the guru’s guidance.

 

The Formless Divine Spirit alone can be Omnipresent, Omniscient and Omnipotent. A physical being cannot.

 

Prologue.

 

Aad sach. Jugaad sach. Hai bhi sach, Nanak hosi bhi sach.

 

Note: ‘Sach’ means truth, and stands for the inevitable divine writ, i.e. laws of nature.

 

The divine writ or laws of nature were present/applicable at the origin of the universe, through the ages, are now, and shall ever be applicable.

 

Gurbani states that the universe is a composite system of celestial bodies and creatures. Their roles and applicable laws have been laid down. The humans exist as part of this set up. Gurbani says:

 

Sabh aaey hukam khasmaah-i hukam-i sabh vartni. P 723

 

Everyone is born according to commands of the Master, i.e. laws of nature/the divine-created system, and functions accordingly. 

 

This is how.

 

Khaak noor kard’n aalam duneeaey. Asmaan Jimee darakhat aab paidaais khudaaey. P 723

 

The Creator put life in dust and created the world; the sky, plants and water were all created by the Creator.

 

It details this as follows:

 

Saachey tey pavnaa bhaiaa, pavnai tey jal hoey.

Jal tey tribhavan saajiaa, ghatt ghatt jot samoey. P 19

 

From the Eternal came air, from air (oxygen and hydrogen gases) water was formed, and from water the creatures in/on three regions (oceans, land and space) came into being; the (jot = light) Divine Spirit pervades in all.

 

Again,

 

Raati, ruti, thiti, vaar. Pavan paani agni paataal. This vich dharti thaap rakhi dharamsaal. Japji Paurri 34.

 

The Creator made: Days, nights, seasons, the lunar cycles, days of the week – through combination of the sun, earth and moon.

Provided air, water, fire/energy and land – for life to exist.

In this set up, the Creator established the earth with all these, as place for the creatures to perform their duties.

 

Learning from Nature

 

The Creator has made the human body comprising of the five elements – Air (breathing), water (seventy percent of body), earth (physical mass), fire/energy and sky (space). Gurbani says we should follow the characteristics of these five as below.

 

Brahmgiaani

One who understands Divine virtues and commands –

 

Sadaa nirleyp, jaisey jal mah kamal aleyp.

Is untouched by vices, like the lotus flower in water is untouched by it.

 

Sadaa nirdokh, jaisy soor sarab kau sokh

Has no antagonism with anyone, like the sun provides heat to all.

 

Kai dristt samaan, jaisai raaja rank kau laagai tul pavaan

Sees everyone equal, like the air treats everyone equal.

 

Kai dheeraj eyk, jio basudhaa jo-oo khodai ko-oo chandan leyp.

Maintains patience, like land does not care whether someone digs it or coats it with Sandalwood paste, i.e. with fragrance. ====

 

Ka ihai gunaau, Nanak jio pavak ka sahj subhaau.

Is always steady, like the quality of fire is – ever to provide heat.

 

Nirmal tey nirmalaa, jaise mail na laagai jalaa

Is free from vices, like dirt does not stick to waterP 272-73.

 

Temptations, and how to overcome them.

 

Gurbani uses allegories to show how different types of creatures fall prey to one temptation each and perish, because they have no guide. On the other hand, humans face numerous allurements. They have no hope unless they follow the guru to overcome them.

 

Mrig meen bharing patang kunchar eyk dokh binaas. Panch dokh asaadh ja mah ta ki keytak aas. P 486

The deer, fish, bumblebee, moth and elephant perish for one weakness each.

What hope then for the human who has five unchecked weaknesses.  

 The weaknesses of these five creatures and humans are:

The deer runs towards where music plays and is caught.

The fish being greedy goes for the bait and is caught.

The bumblebee is tempted by fragrance of the flower and perishes in it.

The moth goes for the lamp and dies there.

The elephant being obsessed with lust goes for the model of a female elephant laced on a pit, falls into the pit and gets caught.

The human being has lust, wrath, greed, attachment to worldly things and vanity.

 

Gurbani also uses metaphors to show how to remain alert to vices.

 

Jaisey jal mah kamal niraalam murgaaee naisaaney. Surat sabad bhavsagar tareeai nanak naam vakhaaney. P 938

Like the lotus flower in water remains untouched by it; or the duck does not let its wings get wet when in water.

We can swim across/overcome the world-ocean of temptations by focusing our consciousness on the Divine commands.

 

Methods of worship

 

The usual methods of worship in various religions are to offer flowers in front of the deity, light lamps, burn incense and wave a fly whisk on the deity. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikh religion (1469-1539) once went to a temple named Jagannath temple or temple of the Master of the world in Orissa state in India. The worship called Aarti was being performed there. In this, the priest places lamps, flowers, monetary offerings etc. in a tray and moves it in a circular fashion. Guru Nanak watched but did not participate. When asked why he did not participate in worship, he said you built or bought the perceived image of a deity and call it Master of the world, enclose it in a room and worship it. “But I join in worship of the true Master who pervades the whole universe”. He then described it as follows.

 

Gagan mai thaal rav chand deepak baney taarika mandal janak moti. Dhoop maliaanlo pavan chavro karey, sagal banreeey phoolant joti. P 13.

 

The sky is like a tray in which the sun and moon are the lamps, and the constellation of stars are the gems and jewels.

The fragrance of sandalwood trees is the incense, and the breeze waves the fly whisk; all vegetation is the flowers.

 

Learning from Water

 

Human form is the opportunity to appreciate Divine majesty experienced within the self and seen in nature. This way, one feel humble and praises the Creator. Our conscience tells us to conduct ourselves in conformance to nature. As follows.

 

The water in the oceans sees its duty to irrigate the land, be useful for washing and bathing and finally get back to the ocean.

 

It evaporates from the ocean, travels as clouds, drops rains in higher reaches to form rivers and the water travels. It has initially to overcome obstacles like rocks, with no clear passage, but it finds its way.

 

The humans build dams for storage of water or for hydroelectric plants. It helps in that and. The turbulence and obstacles so faced ends when it enters the plains and finally merges with the sea. Similarly, when the human is able to experience nearness to the Almighty, s/he becomes at peace. This is union with God.

 

 

Saalaahi saalah eyti surat na paaeeaa. Nadeaa atey vaah pavah-i samund na jaaneeah. Japji Paurri 23.

 

Praise the praiseworthy Almighty intuitively such as not even to know you are doing it. Like the rivers and streams flowing into the sea lose their identity.

 

Again.

Jaisi ḏẖarṯi oopar meygẖula barsaṯ hai kiaa ḏẖarṯi maḏẖey paani naahi.   Jaisey dharti madhey paani pargaasiaa, bin pagaa varsat phiraahi.

 

Whatever the type of land, the clouds drop rain on it; is water not present in the earth?

Like water can be seen enclosed by land, it forms clouds and drops rain.

 

Message: The soil its lost moisture to be replenished even though the oceans are full of water. Similarly, the humans ignore divine commands present within, because of temptations and need to be reminded by listening to scriptures and attending holy congregation where divine virtues and commands are recounted.

 

Impediments in way of union with the Creator

The soul performs a similar role. It comes from the Creator, gives life to the body, and aims to merge with the Creator. However, delusion caused by allurements of the world act as impediments as one forgets divine commands.

 

Gurbani gives examples and solutions as follows, on page 656.

 

Jab ham hotey tab too naahi; ab toohi mai naahi. Anal agam jaisey lahar mayi odadh, jal keyval jal maahi.

When there was ego in my mind, then You were not there, o Almighty; now that my ego is dissolved only You are present.

It is like waves rise above the water of the ocean when there is turbulence, but the waves fall back when the turbulence ends.

 

Message: When there is turbulence in the mind, all types of thoughts arise and one forgets the Master. When turbulence is over, one is at peace and finds the Master within.

 

Madhvey kiaa kaheeau bhram aisa; jaisa maaneeai hoey na taisa.

What is this delusion caused by, o Almighty. It is believing in something which is not that.

 

Here are examples

 

Narpat eyk singhaasan soiaa supney bhaiaa bhikhaari. Achat raaj bichhrat dukh paaiaa so at-i bhaee hamaari.

A king sitting on the throne dozed off and found himself to be a beggar in a dream.

He being a king lost his kingdom and felt miserable; such is our state.

 

Message: The Almighty is within us but being inebriated by attachment to the world-play, we become oblivious. We can become alert and find the Master with the guru’s guidance.

 

Raaj bhuia’n prasang jaisey hai ab kachh maram janaaiaa. Anik kattak jaisey bhool parey ab kahtey kahan na aaiaa.

 

Like in the story of a piece of rope lying on dark street is mistaken as a snake – the delusion ends when light comes on. Or, ornaments made from gold are considered different from gold, but one who is aware, does not say so.

 

Message: Delusion is caused by ignorance; one feels ornaments made from gold are different than gold. When that delusion goes one sees the truth, i.e. the soul is part of the Creator and merges back, like ornaments when melted are gold.

 

Sarbey eyk aneykai suaami sabh ghatt bhugvai soee. Kah Ravidas haath pai neyrai sahjey hoey so hoee.

The One Almighty is the Master of all creatures of various types; and is present in all.

The Master being present within is nearer than where the hands can reach on the body; everything happens naturally – according to the divine system, says Ravidas.

 

Message: The reference to hands above in the context that they have the maximum reach of all the organs of the body, but the Master is nearer – within.

 

We Reap what we Sow – We Determine our Destiny

 

The clergy asks people to believe in efficacy of worship, dogmas, superstitions, and rituals to avoid hell and deserve heaven. Sri Guru Granth Sahib teaches that there is no such place as heaven or hell. One blossoms or perishes according to one’s deeds. It uses the allegory of a farmer and says:

 

Amal kar dharti beej sabdo kar sach ki aab nit deyh paani. Hoey kirsaan eemaan jamaaeylai bhist dojak moorrey eyv jaani. P 24

 

Make your deeds the soil, and put divine commands as the seed; irrigate it with the water of truthful obedience to divine commands.

You will then be a farmer whose conduct is honest; this is how one knows what is heaven and hell.

 

Gurbani says:

 

Hukam chalaaey aapney karmi vahai kalaam. Nanak sachaa sach naaey sach sabhaa deebaan. P 1240

 

The Almighty’s pen moves by His command; the pen moves depending on our deeds. The Almighty is just His justice is just – it is natural justice.

 

One should tell the self.

 

Dadaa dos na deyoo kisai dos karammaa aapniaa. Jo mi keeaa so mai paaiaa dos na deejay avar Janaa. P 432

 

I cannot blame others for my woes, the fault lies with my deeds. I obtained consequences of my deeds; I cannot blame anyone else.

 

Some people complain of God’s indifference when in trouble saying why did God have do this to me. The point to understand is that the Creator has laid down how everything happens. It is our actions which determine the result.

Epilogue

 

Japji Sahib, the first composition in SGGS is a step-by-step guidance for a practical spiritual life. It culminates with this epilogue.

Pavan guru paani pitaa maata dhrat mahat.

Air is the guru, water the father, and earth the great mother.

(Note: These are metaphors to convey that the soul is the master of the body, while the father’s semen and the mother’s egg procreate like water and soil produce and maintain crops and plants).

Divas raat duey daaee daaiaa kheylai sagal jagat

Day and night are the two nannies and the whole world plays/functions as per their schedule, i.e. work and rest.

Changiaaeeaa buriaaeeaa vaachai dharam hadoor.

The metaphoric judge in divine court relates good and bad deeds of the creatures to God.

Karmi aapoaapni key neyrai kay door.

It is by deeds that one either gets near, i.e. unites with the Almighty or is kept away. This means attaining solace or remaining miserable.

Jini naam dhiaaiaa gaey masakat ghaal.

Those who pay attention to divine commands acts as ordained – and unite with the Almighty.

Nanak tey much ujley keyti chhuttee naal. P 8.

 

Their faces are clean/free of blemish and many others are saved from separation from the Almighty, in their company.

The Sikh religion teaches to ever remain aware of, and conform to, divine virtues and commands. Delusions caused by temptations can be overcome with this awareness. One needs to be naturally and intuitively dedicated, not display piety to please the world.

 

 

 

 

The Sikh Religion

The Sikh Religion
Sikh religion is the youngest and therefore the religion for the modern age. It believes in the One Creator God, who is unborn and unique. God is the ‘Spirit’ behind harmonious functioning of the universe. This harmonious functioning is possible by conformance to cosmic laws or laws of nature. Human beings are part of the total cosmic system, which functions by laws of nature.

God does not take human or any other form and hence beyond birth and death. Sikhs do not worship idols. There are o deities in the faith.

Like every component of the universe, every human being has a role to play. This role is the name or identity of every creature. There are laws of nature applicable to different species, like humans and animals to walk on land, fish to swim in water and birds to fly in the air. Unlike Albert Einstein, who thinks God is not concerned with doings of the humans, the Sikh belief is that ‘one reaps what one sows’. It is natural. Hence, one should not ignore that there are consequences of everything done.

The Sikh religion founded in 1469 CE has the fifth largest following in the world ahead of the Jews.

The name ‘Sikh’ means student or learner. The guru is the teacher. The Sikh religion therefore represents the learning divine commands and putting into practice.

This faith is not personality-based. There is no dogma.

What other religions call the ‘place of worship’, is the Gurduara, the guru’s house, the place of learning in Sikh faith. There is no worship, lighting of incense or ringing of bells to propitiate any deity. There is only singing praises of the Almighty. It is also for obtaining awareness of divine commands and learning to obey them. The Creator gives these instructions to the soul before birth on basic role in life, but the humans forget them because of numerous entanglements, and need to be reminded.

The religion was founded by Guru Nanak (1469-1539). He was followed by nine successor gurus until 1708 CE. They guided the Sikhs for about 240 years, which covered nearly all real-life situations.

The tenth Guru Gobind Singh created the Khalsa giving a unique form where men and women maintain their uncut hair. Even a single Sikh stands out in a crowd. It also acts as the conscience-keeper to maintain dignity and avoid wrong-doings. There are no Sikhs as beggars.

The tenth guru also instilled the martial spirit. The Sikhs are ever ready to help people needing protection.

Sacrifice is a tradition in Sikh faith. The fifth guru, Arjun, was tortured to death but he did not give up faith. The ninth Guru Tegh Bahadur made the supreme sacrifice to enable the Hindus to practice their faith. There have been countless sacrifices by the Sikhs since then.

The gurus chose their successors strictly on merit, and compatibility of understanding with the preceding gurus.

The Sikhs have one scripture. It contains discourses of the first five and the ninth gurus. Each of them personally wrote down their discourses, and passed the accumulated discourses to the successor. The first five gurus also collected verses of saints of other faiths and bards. The fifth guru included these while compiling the sacred book. The tenth guru added discourses of the ninth guru and made the final compilation. He bestowed the title of guru and the volume became Sri Guru Granth Sahib (SGGS) before he departed from the world. The Sikhs now treat SGGS as the living guru who also presides over congregations.

SGGS has the following features.

1.      The gurus themselves authenticated all entries.

2.    The numbering system is such as to obviate entries or deletions.

3.    There are no contradictions in its content.

4.    This has enabled preservation of teachings in their pristine form.

5.     Inclusion of verses of people of other faiths shows that fundamental of all religions is faith in One God and ethics, and there should be no cause for conflict.

6.    There is only one approved version of the scripture.

It is because of respect for other faiths that Sikh religion does not proselytize which involves finding fault with other faiths. The latter is the major cause for inter-religion conflicts. Those who wish to join are welcome.

The Sikh faith promotes amity between faiths. The founder, Guru Nanak undertook four long odysseys lasting a total over two decades to share spiritual vision with followers of other faiths. He visited the Hindu holy places in India, the Buddhist Lanka, now called Sri Lanka, the Yogis in the Himalayas, Buddhists in Tibet and Muslims in Arabia and Iraq. The scripture emphasizes this spirit of amity.

All gurus had both Hindu and Muslim followers, the two main religions in India before advent of this new faith. When Guru Nanak passed away, both the Hindus and Muslims built two different monuments in his honor.

The SGGS contents do not glorify any persons, but Sabad, meaning ‘word’ or teachings. They are all about virtues of the Creator and Hukam, meaning will of God which translates into laws of nature. The scripture glorifies the institution of the guru and also the seekers. All authors have displayed humility, which is unique among scriptures of religions.

For example, Guru Nanak says:

 

I am of the lowliest class among the low.

I am happy to be with the lowly; I do not try to copy practices of the great.

O Almighty, You bestow grace where the lowly are looked after, i.e. God blesses the humble.

In Sikh faith woman and man have equal status. How can one who gives birth to kings be called bad, says the guru. Husband and wife are two bodies and one spirit. Sikh teachings emphasize fidelity in marriage by both husband and wife. There is one central organization for

It teaches equality of humankind. All creatures are born from the same Spirit, how can one be good and the other bad? There is no caste system amongst the Sikhs.

The faith rejects the concept of heaven and hell. There are no such places or regions. One, who conforms to laws of nature, achieves objectives and is at peace in life. His/her soul merges with the Spirit on death. This is heaven. One who transgresses, remains restless in life, and is not fit to merge with the Spirit. That soul is reborn repeatedly to learn to fulfil responsibilities. This is hell.

The Sikh religion promotes righteous and productive life as householder enjoying pleasures of life. However, one should not become slave to them. This means remaining unattached to the family like the lotus flower blossoms in water but remains untouched by it.

Charity after earning by unfair means is not virtuous

One should practice the following.

1.      Remember and comply with divine commands on duties in life. Naam Japna.

2.    Earn honestly. Dharam Di Kirat.

3.    Share with the needy.  Vandd Chhakna. Never think you are giving charity. Thank the Almighty who enables to share.

The Sikh religious-cum-social practice has two aspects.

Sangat – congregation.

Pangat – literally meaning sitting in a line. This refers to participation in Lanagr or community meal.

These show equality of status. There are no separate provisions based on class, status or wealth. However males and females sit separately which avoids distractions.

Doing a good deed and being proud or expect rewards negates the good deed. It is like the elephant throwing dust on itself after it is given a bath.

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